PTE写作中的SWT题型怎么总结主旨

今天羊驼给各位正在准备PTE考试的同学们带来了PTE考试中的SWT题型的例题解析：Micro plastics，塑料，大家每天都会见到的东西。分了六段，如果一段觉得是细节，比如一些数据，或者解释和声明的话，那就确定不要。但是通常情况下，每一段都有一些总结的一些句子。只要字数不超75个字，大家觉得重要的句子都可以写上。

一、PTE写作SWT例题的原文：

Fish are being killed, and prevented from reaching maturity, by the litter of plastic particles finding their way into the world's oceans, new research has proved.

Some young fish have been found to prefer tiny particles of plastic to their natural food sources, effectively starving them before they can reproduce.

The growing problem of micro plastics-tiny particles of polymer-type materials from modern industry-has been thought for several years to be a peril for fish, but the study published on Thursday is the first to prove the damage in trials.

Micro plastics are near-indestructible in natural environments. They enter the oceans through litter, when waste such as plastic bags, packaging and other convenience materials are discarded. Vast amounts of these end up in the sea, through inadequate waste disposal systems and sewage outfall.

Another growing source is microbeads, tiny particles of hard plastics that are used in cosmetics, for instance as an abrasive in modern skin cleaners. These easily enter waterways as they are washed off as they are used, flushed down drains and forgotten, but can last for decades in our oceans.

The impact of these materials has been hard to measure, despite being a growing source of concern. Small particles of plastics have been found in seabirds, fish and whales, which swallow the materials but cannot digest them, leading to a build-up in their digestive tracts. For the first time, scientists have demonstrated that fish exposed to such materials during their development show stunted growth and increased mortality rates, as well as changed behavior that could endanger their survival.

二、PTE写作SWT例题的翻译：

一项新的研究证明，由于塑料颗粒进入世界各地的海洋，鱼类正在被杀死，并阻止它们发育成熟。

Fish are being killed, and prevented from reaching maturity, by the litter of plastic particles finding their way into the world's oceans, new research has proved.

人们发现，一些幼鱼更喜欢微小的塑料颗粒，而不是它们的天然食物来源，这实际上是在它们繁殖之前就饿死了。

Some young fish have been found to prefer tiny particles of plastic to their natural food sources, effectively starving them before they can reproduce.

近年来，人们一直认为来自现代工业的聚合物类材料的微小颗粒——微塑料问题日益严重，对鱼类构成了威胁，但周四发表的这项研究首次在试验中证明了这种危害。

The growing problem of micro plastics-tiny particles of polymer-type materials from modern industry-has been thought for several years to be a peril for fish, but the study published on Thursday is the first to prove the damage in trials.

微塑料在自然环境中几乎坚不可摧。

Micro plastics are near-indestructible in natural environments. 

当塑料袋、包装和其他便利材料等垃圾被丢弃时，它们通过垃圾进入海洋。 

They enter the oceans through litter, when waste such as plastic bags, packaging and other convenience materials are discarded. 

由于不完善的废物处理系统和污水排放，其中大量的垃圾最终流入大海。

 Vast amounts of these end up in the sea, through inadequate waste disposal systems and sewage outfall.

另一个日益增长的来源是微珠，一种用于化妆品的硬塑料微粒，例如现代皮肤清洁剂中的磨料。

Another growing source is microbeads, tiny particles of hard plastics that are used in cosmetics, for instance as an abrasive in modern skin cleaners. 

它们很容易进入水道，因为它们在使用过程中被冲走，冲下下水道并被遗忘，但它们可以在我们的海洋中持续数十年。

 These easily enter waterways as they are washed off as they are used, flushed down drains and forgotten, but can last for decades in our oceans.

这些材料的影响一直难以衡量，尽管引起了越来越多的关注。

The impact of these materials has been hard to measure, despite being a growing source of concern. 

在海鸟、鱼类和鲸鱼体内发现了塑料微粒，它们吞下这些物质，但无法消化，导致它们的消化道积聚。 

Small particles of plastics have been found in seabirds, fish and whales, which swallow the materials but cannot digest them, leading to a build-up in their digestive tracts. 

科学家们首次证明，在发育过程中接触到这些物质的鱼类会出现生长迟缓、死亡率上升的现象，以及可能危及其生存的行为改变。 

For the first time, scientists have demonstrated that fish exposed to such materials during their development show stunted growth and increased mortality rates, as well as changed behavior that could endanger their survival.

三、PTE写作SWT例题的解析：

第一部分：生难词积累

首先maturity成熟plastic塑料。Particles表示粒子，Reproduce是繁殖的意思，Polymer聚合物，聚合物其实讲的就是塑料这种东西，microbe塑料微球，就是塑料袋再小一点，小到非常非常小的时候，可能就是这个东西。cosmetics比较常见的化妆品。

第二部分：原文解析

1、我们先看fish are being killed，鱼都在不断的死亡，And prevented from maturity, 或者说没长大就直接死了。But the little plastic particles.为什么？因为不断的在扔这种塑料袋，或者说塑料的这种微粒子，任何跟塑料相关的产品。所以上来开篇，就是鱼的死亡的原因是因为这个塑料。So young fish had been found to prefer tiny to their natural food sources, 这是一个很惨的情况，一些小鱼，更喜欢吃这种塑料相关的东西，影响到了整个鱼类。其实整个还是在讲这个鱼不断的在死，自然受到塑料的严重侵害。

2、Another growing source, 另外一个日益增长的来源，一个信号词带到，所以microbe在答案当中一定要有，这个microbe是化妆品当中的某种微粒，容易冲到下水道当中，但是它可以在海洋当中存在数十年。对环境是非常具有危害性的。the impact this materials have been hard to measure.  然后首次证明科学家发现后面这个东西，所以不用看了，作为文章的结尾，说科学家们首次发现了这个东西的话，那么这个部分我一定要带出来。至于中间的这些细节可以不用管。

第三部分：答案解析

我只要在我的答案中知道，第一鱼，第二塑料，第三，另外一个元素是microbe。第四影响，我只要把它们去串在一起，做出一个5~70个字的答案，这道题就OK了。