PTE写作SWT题型讲解：Prior knowledge

今天羊驼给大家带来的是PTE写作的SWT题型的例题讲解，Prior knowledge，下面将从生难词的解释、原文的通读解析、总结出答案这三个方面进行分析。这是这类题型可以通用的方法技巧，同学们赶快学起来并运用到今后的练习和考试当中去吧！

原题：

What is known prior knowledge or pre-existing knowledge is the knowledge, skill or ability that a learner brings to a new learning encounter. This includes all knowledge that is available before the learning event, and which has been gathered or developed by any means, and in any situation, including both formal and, quite often, informal learning situations. Learners need enough previous knowledge and understanding to enable them to learn new things; they also need help making links with new and previous knowledge explicit.It is considered to be valuable to go through a process of what has been called 'activating prior knowledge'. Teachers often go through this process at the beginning of a new topic. They also use introductory strategies at the beginning of lessons which are continuations from previous lessons. In terms of the practicalities of teaching, this is a process of making children think about the topic or remember what has been covered already. In terms of theory, it is to do with activating particular schemas.

翻译：

What is known (prior knowledge or pre-existing knowledge) is the knowledge, skill or ability that a learner brings to a new learning encounter.

已知的(先验知识或预先存在的知识)是指学习者在新的学习过程中所具备的知识、技能或能力。

This includes all knowledge that is available before the learning event, and which has been gathered or developed by any means, and in any situation, including both formal and, quite often, informal learning situations.

这包括所有在学习活动之前可以获得的知识，以及在任何情况下以任何方式收集或开发的知识，包括正式的和通常是非正式的学习情况。

Learners need enough previous knowledge and understanding to enable them to learn new things;

学习者需要足够的知识和理解来学习新事物;

they also need help making links with new and previous knowledge explicit.

他们还需要帮助，将新的和以前的知识联系起来。

It is considered to be valuable to go through a process of what has been called 'activating prior knowledge'.

人们认为经历一个被称为“激活先验知识”的过程是有价值的。

Teachers often go through this process at the beginning of a new topic.

教师在开始一个新话题时，经常要经历这个过程。

They also use introductory strategies at the beginning of lessons which are continuations from previous lessons.

他们还在课程开始时使用介绍性的策略，这些策略是以前课程的延续。

In terms of the practicalities of teaching, this is a process of making children think about the topic or remember what has been covered already.

就教学的实用性而言，这是一个让孩子思考这个话题或记住已经讲过的内容的过程。

In terms of theory, it is to do with activating particular schemas.

从理论上讲，它与激活特定的图式有关。

下面我们来讲解这道题：

第一部分：生难词积累

1、prior,形容词，在什么之前，knowledge是知识。定义：在某个事件或情况发生之前，已经知道某些情况或信息的知识或意识。举个例子，四边形有四条边，那我其实会先讲三角形有三个边，加在一起是180°，等等这样的知识我已经掌握了。从三角形跳到四边形，那么四边形四个角加在一起是多少度？四边形又共用几个边？可以利用我已知的三角形去学习这个四边形。在生活当中比方我出车祸了，刮坏了人家的尾灯，如果之前已经出过这样的事故，所以我知道要怎样去赔偿。就是你先前的知识对你后续新的情况的帮助或者影响。

2、pre existing也是什么之前，existing存在的，就是原有已经存在的这个知识；encounter, 它可做动词偶遇/邂逅；activating,激活；然后previous是之前的。

第二部分：原文解析

1、第一段：有时候经常会出现这个括号，其实就是对它的一种定义和说明。”What is known prior knowledge or pre-existing knowledge is the knowledge, skill or ability that a learner brings to a new learning encounter. ”这个东西就叫做pre knowledge。我们所谓的先存在的知识这种东西，就是我们学习者遇到一个新的东西new learning encounters时候，我们大脑当中已经有的这样的知识储备，“This include all knowledge that is available before the learning event“。 不管我是正式的情况之下跟着老师学，还是我根据我的生活经验等去学习到的所有的知识，你是带着这些知识踏足到一个新的领域当中去的。所以，“learn need enough previous knowledge and understanding to enable them to learn learn new things“就是你必须要有先验知识才能够去学习新的东西。

2、第二段：“It is considered to be valuable to go through a process of what has been called 'activating prior knowledge'“, 我们认为激活你已有的知识，这是很重要的。不能上来就直接讲新的东西，我可以跟大家拓展一下，回顾一下我们昨天讲的内容。进一步说，“teacher often goes through this process at the beginning of the new topic”。就是在教一个新的课程的时候，”Which are conation from the previous lesson”, 他是对于先前的一些课程的一些延续，”In terms of the practice which is the process making children”，其实目的就是为了让学生能够通过对过去知识的回顾，去学习新的东西。

第三部分：总结答案

总结一下：第一段告诉你什么叫做先验知识、已经预先学习到了知识，第二段告诉你这个东西是很好的，实际操作当中，老师应该怎么做。所以在这道题当中，我们知道答案一定要有这个prior knowledge, 或者pre existing knowledge。作为老师，怎么去运用这个先验知识帮助学生更好的去学习新的课题。这道题看似很难，但是其实当你已经知道什么叫做先验知识，什么叫做prior prior knowledge的时候，结合自己已有的知识的话，就能够更好的去理解这道题。